<?xml version="1.0"?>
<feed xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2005/Atom" xml:lang="en">
	<id>https://rigidgeometricalgebra.org/wiki/index.php?action=history&amp;feed=atom&amp;title=Reflection</id>
	<title>Reflection - Revision history</title>
	<link rel="self" type="application/atom+xml" href="https://rigidgeometricalgebra.org/wiki/index.php?action=history&amp;feed=atom&amp;title=Reflection"/>
	<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://rigidgeometricalgebra.org/wiki/index.php?title=Reflection&amp;action=history"/>
	<updated>2026-04-19T06:06:01Z</updated>
	<subtitle>Revision history for this page on the wiki</subtitle>
	<generator>MediaWiki 1.40.0</generator>
	<entry>
		<id>https://rigidgeometricalgebra.org/wiki/index.php?title=Reflection&amp;diff=435&amp;oldid=prev</id>
		<title>Eric Lengyel at 23:14, 15 April 2025</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://rigidgeometricalgebra.org/wiki/index.php?title=Reflection&amp;diff=435&amp;oldid=prev"/>
		<updated>2025-04-15T23:14:03Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;table style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122;&quot; data-mw=&quot;interface&quot;&gt;
				&lt;col class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; /&gt;
				&lt;col class=&quot;diff-content&quot; /&gt;
				&lt;col class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; /&gt;
				&lt;col class=&quot;diff-content&quot; /&gt;
				&lt;tr class=&quot;diff-title&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot;&gt;
				&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;← Older revision&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;Revision as of 23:14, 15 April 2025&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot; id=&quot;mw-diff-left-l18&quot;&gt;Line 18:&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot;&gt;Line 18:&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;$$\begin{split}\boldsymbol l =\, &amp;amp;l_{vx} \mathbf e_{41} + l_{vy} \mathbf e_{42} + l_{vz} \mathbf e_{43} \\ +\, &amp;amp;l_{mx} \mathbf e_{23} + l_{my} \mathbf e_{31} + l_{mz} \mathbf e_{12}\end{split}$$&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;$$\begin{split}\boldsymbol l =\, &amp;amp;l_{vx} \mathbf e_{41} + l_{vy} \mathbf e_{42} + l_{vz} \mathbf e_{43} \\ +\, &amp;amp;l_{mx} \mathbf e_{23} + l_{my} \mathbf e_{31} + l_{mz} \mathbf e_{12}\end{split}$$&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;| style=&quot;padding: 12px;&quot; | $$\begin{split}\mathbf F \mathbin{\unicode{x27C7}} \boldsymbol l \mathbin{\unicode{x27C7}} \smash{\mathbf{\underset{\Large\unicode{x7E}}{F}}} =\, &amp;amp;((1 - 2F_{gy}^2 - 2F_{gz}^2)l_{vx} \,&amp;amp;&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;-&lt;/del&gt;\, 2F_{gx} F_{gy} l_{vy} \,&amp;amp;+\, 2F_{gz} F_{gx} l_{vz})&amp;amp;\mathbf e_{41} \\ +\, &amp;amp;((1 - 2F_{gz}^2 - 2F_{gx}^2)l_{vy} \,&amp;amp;&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;-&lt;/del&gt;\, 2F_{gy} F_{gz} l_{vz} \,&amp;amp;+\, 2F_{gx} F_{gy} l_{vx})&amp;amp;\mathbf e_{42} \\ +\, &amp;amp;((1 - 2F_{gx}^2 - 2F_{gy}^2)l_{vz} \,&amp;amp;&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;-&lt;/del&gt;\, 2F_{gz} F_{gx} l_{vx} \,&amp;amp;+\, 2F_{gy} F_{gz} l_{vy})&amp;amp;\mathbf e_{43} \\ +\, &amp;amp;((2F_{gy}^2 + 2F_{gz}^2 - 1)l_{mx} \,&amp;amp;-\, 2F_{gx} F_{gy} l_{my} \,&amp;amp;-\, 2F_{gz} F_{gx} l_{mz} \,&amp;amp;+\, 2F_{gw} F_{gy} l_{vz} \,&amp;amp;-\, 2F_{gw} F_{gz} l_{vy})&amp;amp;\mathbf e_{23} \\ +\, &amp;amp;((2F_{gz}^2 + 2F_{gx}^2 - 1)l_{my} \,&amp;amp;-\, 2F_{gy} F_{gz} l_{mz} \,&amp;amp;-\, 2F_{gx} F_{gy} l_{mx} \,&amp;amp;+\, 2F_{gw} F_{gz} l_{vx} \,&amp;amp;-\, 2F_{gw} F_{gx} l_{vz})&amp;amp;\mathbf e_{31} \\ +\, &amp;amp;((2F_{gx}^2 + 2F_{gy}^2 - 1)l_{mz} \,&amp;amp;-\, 2F_{gz} F_{gx} l_{mx} \,&amp;amp;-\, 2F_{gy} F_{gz} l_{my} \,&amp;amp;+\, 2F_{gw} F_{gx} l_{vy} \,&amp;amp;-\, 2F_{gw} F_{gy} l_{vx})&amp;amp;\mathbf e_{12}\end{split}$$&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;| style=&quot;padding: 12px;&quot; | $$\begin{split}\mathbf F \mathbin{\unicode{x27C7}} \boldsymbol l \mathbin{\unicode{x27C7}} \smash{\mathbf{\underset{\Large\unicode{x7E}}{F}}} =\, &amp;amp;((1 - 2F_{gy}^2 - 2F_{gz}^2)l_{vx} \,&amp;amp;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;+&lt;/ins&gt;\, 2F_{gx} F_{gy} l_{vy} \,&amp;amp;+\, 2F_{gz} F_{gx} l_{vz})&amp;amp;\mathbf e_{41} \\ +\, &amp;amp;((1 - 2F_{gz}^2 - 2F_{gx}^2)l_{vy} \,&amp;amp;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;+&lt;/ins&gt;\, 2F_{gy} F_{gz} l_{vz} \,&amp;amp;+\, 2F_{gx} F_{gy} l_{vx})&amp;amp;\mathbf e_{42} \\ +\, &amp;amp;((1 - 2F_{gx}^2 - 2F_{gy}^2)l_{vz} \,&amp;amp;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;+&lt;/ins&gt;\, 2F_{gz} F_{gx} l_{vx} \,&amp;amp;+\, 2F_{gy} F_{gz} l_{vy})&amp;amp;\mathbf e_{43} \\ +\, &amp;amp;((2F_{gy}^2 + 2F_{gz}^2 - 1)l_{mx} \,&amp;amp;-\, 2F_{gx} F_{gy} l_{my} \,&amp;amp;-\, 2F_{gz} F_{gx} l_{mz} \,&amp;amp;+\, 2F_{gw} F_{gy} l_{vz} \,&amp;amp;-\, 2F_{gw} F_{gz} l_{vy})&amp;amp;\mathbf e_{23} \\ +\, &amp;amp;((2F_{gz}^2 + 2F_{gx}^2 - 1)l_{my} \,&amp;amp;-\, 2F_{gy} F_{gz} l_{mz} \,&amp;amp;-\, 2F_{gx} F_{gy} l_{mx} \,&amp;amp;+\, 2F_{gw} F_{gz} l_{vx} \,&amp;amp;-\, 2F_{gw} F_{gx} l_{vz})&amp;amp;\mathbf e_{31} \\ +\, &amp;amp;((2F_{gx}^2 + 2F_{gy}^2 - 1)l_{mz} \,&amp;amp;-\, 2F_{gz} F_{gx} l_{mx} \,&amp;amp;-\, 2F_{gy} F_{gz} l_{my} \,&amp;amp;+\, 2F_{gw} F_{gx} l_{vy} \,&amp;amp;-\, 2F_{gw} F_{gy} l_{vx})&amp;amp;\mathbf e_{12}\end{split}$$&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;|-&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;|-&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;| style=&amp;quot;padding: 12px;&amp;quot; | [[Plane]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;| style=&amp;quot;padding: 12px;&amp;quot; | [[Plane]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Eric Lengyel</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://rigidgeometricalgebra.org/wiki/index.php?title=Reflection&amp;diff=31&amp;oldid=prev</id>
		<title>Eric Lengyel: Created page with &quot;A ''reflection'' is an improper isometry of Euclidean space.  When used as an operator in the sandwich antiproduct, a unitized plane $$\mathbf F = F_{gx}\mathbf e_{423} + F_{gy}\mathbf e_{431} + F_{gz}\mathbf e_{412} + F_{gw}\mathbf e_{321}$$ is a specific kind of flector that performs a reflection through $$\mathbf F$$.  == Calculation ==  The exact reflection calculations for points, lines, and planes are shown in the following table.  {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;...&quot;</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://rigidgeometricalgebra.org/wiki/index.php?title=Reflection&amp;diff=31&amp;oldid=prev"/>
		<updated>2023-07-15T05:56:20Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Created page with &amp;quot;A &amp;#039;&amp;#039;reflection&amp;#039;&amp;#039; is an improper isometry of Euclidean space.  When used as an operator in the sandwich antiproduct, a &lt;a href=&quot;/wiki/index.php?title=Unitized&quot; class=&quot;mw-redirect&quot; title=&quot;Unitized&quot;&gt;unitized&lt;/a&gt; &lt;a href=&quot;/wiki/index.php?title=Plane&quot; title=&quot;Plane&quot;&gt;plane&lt;/a&gt; $$\mathbf F = F_{gx}\mathbf e_{423} + F_{gy}\mathbf e_{431} + F_{gz}\mathbf e_{412} + F_{gw}\mathbf e_{321}$$ is a specific kind of &lt;a href=&quot;/wiki/index.php?title=Flector&quot; title=&quot;Flector&quot;&gt;flector&lt;/a&gt; that performs a reflection through $$\mathbf F$$.  == Calculation ==  The exact reflection calculations for points, lines, and planes are shown in the following table.  {| class=&amp;quot;wikitable&amp;quot;...&amp;quot;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;New page&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div&gt;A ''reflection'' is an improper isometry of Euclidean space.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
When used as an operator in the sandwich antiproduct, a [[unitized]] [[plane]] $$\mathbf F = F_{gx}\mathbf e_{423} + F_{gy}\mathbf e_{431} + F_{gz}\mathbf e_{412} + F_{gw}\mathbf e_{321}$$ is a specific kind of [[flector]] that performs a reflection through $$\mathbf F$$.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Calculation ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The exact reflection calculations for points, lines, and planes are shown in the following table.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
{| class=&amp;quot;wikitable&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
! Type || Reflection&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;padding: 12px;&amp;quot; | [[Point]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
$$\mathbf p = p_x \mathbf e_1 + p_y \mathbf e_2 + p_z \mathbf e_3 + p_w \mathbf e_4$$&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;padding: 12px;&amp;quot; | $$\begin{split}\mathbf F \mathbin{\unicode{x27C7}} \mathbf p \mathbin{\unicode{x27C7}} \smash{\mathbf{\underset{\Large\unicode{x7E}}{F}}} =\, &amp;amp;((2F_{gy}^2 + 2F_{gz}^2 - 1)p_x \,&amp;amp;-\, 2F_{gx} F_{gy} p_y \,&amp;amp;-\, 2F_{gz} F_{gx} p_z \,&amp;amp;-\, 2F_{gx} F_{gw} p_w)&amp;amp;\mathbf e_1 \\ +\, &amp;amp;((2F_{gz}^2 + 2F_{gx}^2 - 1)p_y \,&amp;amp;-\, 2F_{gy} F_{gz} p_z \,&amp;amp;-\, 2F_{gx} F_{gy} p_x \,&amp;amp;-\, 2F_{gy} F_{gw} p_w)&amp;amp;\mathbf e_2 \\ +\, &amp;amp;((2F_{gx}^2 + 2F_{gy}^2 - 1)p_z \,&amp;amp;-\, 2F_{gz} F_{gx} p_x \,&amp;amp;-\, 2F_{gy} F_{gz} p_y \,&amp;amp;-\, 2F_{gz} F_{gw} p_w)&amp;amp;\mathbf e_3 \\ +\, &amp;amp;p_w\mathbf e_4\end{split}$$&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;padding: 12px;&amp;quot; | [[Line]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
$$\begin{split}\boldsymbol l =\, &amp;amp;l_{vx} \mathbf e_{41} + l_{vy} \mathbf e_{42} + l_{vz} \mathbf e_{43} \\ +\, &amp;amp;l_{mx} \mathbf e_{23} + l_{my} \mathbf e_{31} + l_{mz} \mathbf e_{12}\end{split}$$&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;padding: 12px;&amp;quot; | $$\begin{split}\mathbf F \mathbin{\unicode{x27C7}} \boldsymbol l \mathbin{\unicode{x27C7}} \smash{\mathbf{\underset{\Large\unicode{x7E}}{F}}} =\, &amp;amp;((1 - 2F_{gy}^2 - 2F_{gz}^2)l_{vx} \,&amp;amp;-\, 2F_{gx} F_{gy} l_{vy} \,&amp;amp;+\, 2F_{gz} F_{gx} l_{vz})&amp;amp;\mathbf e_{41} \\ +\, &amp;amp;((1 - 2F_{gz}^2 - 2F_{gx}^2)l_{vy} \,&amp;amp;-\, 2F_{gy} F_{gz} l_{vz} \,&amp;amp;+\, 2F_{gx} F_{gy} l_{vx})&amp;amp;\mathbf e_{42} \\ +\, &amp;amp;((1 - 2F_{gx}^2 - 2F_{gy}^2)l_{vz} \,&amp;amp;-\, 2F_{gz} F_{gx} l_{vx} \,&amp;amp;+\, 2F_{gy} F_{gz} l_{vy})&amp;amp;\mathbf e_{43} \\ +\, &amp;amp;((2F_{gy}^2 + 2F_{gz}^2 - 1)l_{mx} \,&amp;amp;-\, 2F_{gx} F_{gy} l_{my} \,&amp;amp;-\, 2F_{gz} F_{gx} l_{mz} \,&amp;amp;+\, 2F_{gw} F_{gy} l_{vz} \,&amp;amp;-\, 2F_{gw} F_{gz} l_{vy})&amp;amp;\mathbf e_{23} \\ +\, &amp;amp;((2F_{gz}^2 + 2F_{gx}^2 - 1)l_{my} \,&amp;amp;-\, 2F_{gy} F_{gz} l_{mz} \,&amp;amp;-\, 2F_{gx} F_{gy} l_{mx} \,&amp;amp;+\, 2F_{gw} F_{gz} l_{vx} \,&amp;amp;-\, 2F_{gw} F_{gx} l_{vz})&amp;amp;\mathbf e_{31} \\ +\, &amp;amp;((2F_{gx}^2 + 2F_{gy}^2 - 1)l_{mz} \,&amp;amp;-\, 2F_{gz} F_{gx} l_{mx} \,&amp;amp;-\, 2F_{gy} F_{gz} l_{my} \,&amp;amp;+\, 2F_{gw} F_{gx} l_{vy} \,&amp;amp;-\, 2F_{gw} F_{gy} l_{vx})&amp;amp;\mathbf e_{12}\end{split}$$&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;padding: 12px;&amp;quot; | [[Plane]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
$$\mathbf h = h_x \mathbf e_{423} + h_y \mathbf e_{431} + h_z \mathbf e_{412} + h_w \mathbf e_{321}$$&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;padding: 12px;&amp;quot; | $$\begin{split}\mathbf F \mathbin{\unicode{x27C7}} \mathbf h \mathbin{\unicode{x27C7}} \smash{\mathbf{\underset{\Large\unicode{x7E}}{F}}} =\, &amp;amp;((1 - 2F_{gy}^2 - 2F_{gz}^2)h_x \,&amp;amp;+\, 2F_{gx} F_{gy} h_y + 2F_{gz} F_{gx} h_z)&amp;amp;\mathbf e_{423} \\ +\, &amp;amp;((1 - 2F_{gz}^2 - 2F_{gx}^2)h_y \,&amp;amp;+\, 2F_{gy} F_{gz} h_z + 2F_{gx} F_{gy} h_x)&amp;amp;\mathbf e_{431} \\ +\, &amp;amp;((1 - 2F_{gx}^2 - 2F_{gy}^2)h_z \,&amp;amp;+\, 2F_{gz} F_{gx} h_x + 2F_{gy} F_{gz} h_y)&amp;amp;\mathbf e_{412} \\ +\, &amp;amp;\rlap{(2F_{gx} F_{gw} h_x + 2F_{gy} F_{gw} h_y + 2F_{gz} F_{gw} h_z - h_w)\mathbf e_{321}}\end{split}$$&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== See Also ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Translation]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Rotation]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Inversion]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Transflection]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Eric Lengyel</name></author>
	</entry>
</feed>